The Art of Knowledge Engineering

TAoKE — a treatise on ontology-based knowledge engineering, mirrored for use alongside deriver.app

This publication describes the state of the art in ontology-based knowledge engineering. It unifies notations and representations from the Semantic Web (RDF, OWL), object-oriented analysis and design (OOA, OOD, UML, MOF), description logic (DL), database modeling, conceptual modeling (CM), and multi-level modeling (MLM). Work on the original began in December 2021; it draws on research, publications, and exchange with ontologists over many years. Foundational introductions include [AlHe2020] for RDF/OWL practice and [BaMc2003] for description logics; multi-level conceptual modeling is surveyed in [FoAl2021].

Relationship to deriver.app: In Deriver documentation you operate a controlled semantic workbench: triples per knowledge base, explicit IF/THEN-style rules, and an inspectable inference UI. TAoKE provides the conceptual and naming background for how you might structure domains, properties, and rules; deriver.app implements a concrete runtime and editors on top of relational storage—not a full DL reasoner or NL pipeline, but a practical place to apply TAoKE-style discipline.

The canonical, full online treatise (including daily updates and guest access where required) remains on taoke.de. This mirror uses English only and shortens some passages for navigation; always cite the original for authoritative wording.

CM related work is a top-level TAoKE chapter on taoke.de (directly under Conceptual Modeling), with its own hub and subpages — mirrored here: CM related work.

Multi-level modeling (MLM) has a local mirror page under Conceptual modeling: Multi-level modeling — own top-level chapter in the sidebar (as on taoke.de).

Concept similarity (CSPR — conceptual spaces, similarity metrics, evaluation) is mirrored as a top-level chapter after Multi-Layer Modeling (PRPR): Concept Similarity (local mirror of taoke.de — CSPR).

3A-LLM (An Alternative Axiomatic Algebraic Large Language Model) is documented as a consolidated chapter after Concept Similarity, based on the parallel LaTeX project allm (main40.tex, main50.tex, main97.tex): 3A-LLM overview.

UNFOLD Framework, IN3 Evaluation (criteria, savings, performance, concept similarities), and IN3 Summary are mirrored after 3A-LLM (InInIn stack and closing summary): UNFOLD Framework, IN3 Evaluation, IN3 Summary (see UNFOLD, the IN3 evaluation material on taoke.de, and Summary).

Preliminaries (ontology layers from PRPR, BNS numbers, Cantor pairing / IN3 concept numbering): Preliminaries.

Multi-level modeling (MLM), conceptual model (CM), data property (DP), object property (OP), regularity attribute (RA), dual facet behaviour (2FB), UML, RDF, OWL, semantic web, power type (PT), materialization pattern (MP), punning, knowledge graph (KG), graph visualization (GV), knowledge entity (KE), knowledge subject (KS), individual instance (II), instantiation, labeled property graph (LPG).

On the source site, the version number is advanced frequently (draft numbering). This static mirror does not track that number—refer to the TAoKE home page for the current draft label.

Some sections on taoke.de require logging in as a guest. For credentials, contact the address given on the original site. This mirror does not replace that access for restricted passages.