Bibliography — TAoKE references

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282 entries (sorted by signature).

Signature Reference
ACR ACR: Acronyms for the designation of knowledge entities, https://www.taoke.de/ke/Appendices/Acronyms/, last visit: 09.04.2026
AlCa2018 Joao Paulo A. Almeida, Victorio A. Carvalho, Freddy Brasileiro, Claudenir M. Fonseca, Giancarlo Guizzardi, Multi-Level Conceptual Modeling: Theory and Applications , 2019, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328141389_Multi-Level_Conceptual_Modeling_Theory_and_Applications, last visit: 09.04.2026
AlHe2020 Dean Allemang, Jim Hendler, Fabien Gandon, Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist - Effective Modeling in RDFS and OWL, Third Edition, ACM Books series, Nbr. 33 , 2020, ISBN: 978-1-4503-7614-3
AlIs1997 Christopher Alexander, Sara Ishikawa, Murray Silverstein, Max Jacobson, Ingrid F. King, Shlomo Angel, A Pattern Language. Towns, Buildings, Construction, Oxford University Press, New York , 1977, ISBN: 0195019199
AlMu2019 João Paulo A. Almeida, Fernando A Musso, Paulo A João, Victorio Albani Carvalho, Claudenir Morais Fonseca, Giancarlo Guizzardi, Capturing Multi-Level Models in a Two-Level Formal Modeling Technique, 38th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER 2019) , 2019, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334457141_Capturing_Multi-Level_Models_in_a_Two-Level_Formal_Modeling_Technique, last visit: 09.04.2026
AnAr2017 Renzo Angles, Marcelo Arenas, Pablo Barcelo, Peter Boncz, George Fletcher, Claudio Gutierrez, Tobias Lindaaker, Marcus Paradies, Stefan Plantikow, Juan Sequeda, Oskar van Rest, Hannes Voigt, G-CORE - A Core for Future Graph Query Languages, Manuscript submitted to ACM, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1712.01550.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
ApBe1982a Hans-Jürgen Appelrath, Hermann Bense, Abschlußbericht der Projektgruppe Deduktive DB-Systeme, Research Report , 1982, University of Dortmund, Department of Computer Science
ApBe1985 Hans-Jürgen Appelrath, Hermann Bense, Zwei Schritte zur Verbesserung von PROLOG-Programmiersystemen; DB-Unterstützung und Meta-Interpreter, Tagungsband Datenbank-Systeme für Büro, Technik und Wissenschaft (GI-Fachtagung, Karlsruhe, März 1985), Informatik-Fachberichte, Nr. 94, GI, Springer Verlag, , 1985, pp. 161-176
ApBe1986 Hans-Jürgen Appelrath, Hermann Bense, Thomas Rose, Controlled Prolog: A Front-End to Prolog Incorporating Meta Knowledge , 1986, in [RoHo1986a], pp. 301-311
ArSm2015 Robert Arp, Barry Smith, Andrew D. Spear, Building Ontologies with Basic Formal Ontology, The MIT Press, London, England , 2015, ISBN: 978-0-262-52781-1
AtKu2001 Colin Atkinson, Thomas Kühne, The Essence of Multilevel Metamodeling, International Conference on the Unified Modeling Language , 2001, pp. 19-33, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-45441-1_3, last visit: 09.04.2026
AtKu2003 Colin Atkinson, Thomas Kühne, Model-Driven Development: A Metamodeling Foundation, IEEE Software 20 , 2003, pp. 36-41
BaAl2022 Jeferson O. Batistaa, João Paulo A. Almeida, Eduardo Zambona, Giancarlo Guizzardi, Ontologically Correct Taxonomies by Construction, Data & Knowledge Engineering , 2022
BaBe2018 Wolfram Bartussek, Hermann Bense, Thomas Hoppe, Bernhard G. Humm, Anatol Reibold, Ulrich Schade, Melanie Siegel, Paul Walsh, Introduction to Semantic Applications , 2018, ISBN: 978-3-662-55433-3, in [HoHu2018], https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-662-55433-3, last visit: 09.04.2026
BaMc2003 Franz Baader, Deborah L. McGuiness, Daniele Nardi, Peter F. Patel-Schneider (eds.), The Description Logic Handbook: Theory, Implementation and Applications, Cambridge University Press , 2003, ISBN: 978-0521781763, pp. 574
BaNu2003 Franz Baader, Werner Nutt, An Introduction to Description Logics , 2003, in [BaMc2003], pp. 47-100
Bacl1990 Kenneth Baclawski, The Structural Semantics of Subtypes and Inheritance , 1990, https://ken.baclawski.com/pub/1990/11/public.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
BeBa1996 Helmut Balzert, Hermann Bense, Bennacer Haddouch, Frank Hofmann, Volker Kruschinski, Christoph Niemann, Die JANUS-Softwerkstatt: Von objektorientierter Analyse zur automatisiert generierten Anwendung, Proceedings Software Development Conference (DevCon 96), SIGS Conferences , 1996
BeBo1995 Hermann Bense, Wladimir Bodrow (eds.), Objektorientierte und regelbasierte Wissensverarbeitung, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag , 1995, ISBN: 3-86025-704-8
BeCr1984a Hermann Bense, Armin B. Cremers, BGEN - A Generalized Application Development System, Research Report Nr. 178 , 1984, University of Dortmund
BeFe2006a Brandon Bennett, Christiane Felllbaum (eds.), Formal Ontology and Information Systems, Proceedings of Fourth International Conference, Baltimore, November 9-11 , 2006
BeGe2016 Hermann Bense, Benjamin Gernhardt, Peter Haase, Thomas Hoppe, Matthias Hemmje, Bernhard Humm, Adrian Paschke, Ulrich Schade, Ralph Schäfermeier, Michael Schmidt, Melanie Siegel, Tobias Vogel, Rigo Wenning:, Emerging Trends in Corporate Semantic Web - Selected Results of the 2016 Dagstuhl Workshop on Corporate Semantic Web , 2016, https://www.fbi.h-da.de/fileadmin/personal/b.humm/Publikationen/Bense_et_al._-_Emerging_Trends_in_Corporate_Semantic_Web.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
BeHa2013a Hermann Bense, Bastian Haarmann, A Richer Notation for the Representation of Ontological Knowledge, ICCESSE 2013: International Conference on Computer, Electrical, and Systems Sciences, and Engineering, London , 2013, http://o4.cms2web.com/download/publications/A_richer_Notation_for_the_Representation_of_Ontological_Knowledge_07_2013.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
BeHu2021 Hermann Bense, Bernhard Humm, An Extensible Approach to Multi-Level Ontology Modelling, KMIS 2021, 13th International Conference on Knowledge Management and Information Systems , 2021
BeKa1996 Hermann Bense, G. Kaiser, In fünf Schritten zur Objektorientierung - Von Host-Anwendungen zu Client/Server-Systemen mit multimedialen GUIs, Computerwoche FOCUS 5, 20.09.1996 , 1996, pp. 28-37
BeKi2014a Hermann Bense, Katrin Kioscha, Michael Dembach, Ulrich Schade, Lukas Sikorski, Corporate Semantic Web Search - Die wissensbasierte Methode zur Verbesserung der Suchfunktionen in Unternehmensnetzen, KnowTech 2014 - Kongress für Wissensmanagement, Social Media und Collaboration, Hanau, Germany , 2014
BeSc1983a Hermann Bense, Jürgen Schweinberger, Fensterorientierte Dialogtechniken bei Datenbankanwendungen in der Büroautomation, Notizen zum Interaktiven Programmieren; der Fachgruppe Interaktives Programmieren der GI; Heft 10, März 1983, Darmstadt , 1983, pp. 33-46
BeSc2014a Hermann Bense, Ulrich Schade, Frederike Ohrem, Lukas Sikorski, Recherche-Unterstützung durch Ontologie Visualisierung im EnArgus2-Projekt, Proceedings of 3. DGI-Konferenz «Informationsqualität und Wissensgenerierung», Frankfurt a.M. , 2014, https://www.enargus.de/ und https://o4fkie.cms2web.com/download/pdfs/DGI_EnArgus_Paper_20140228.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
BeSc2015 Hermann Bense, Ulrich Schade, Ontologien als Schlüsseltechnologie für die automatische Erzeugung natürlichsprachlicher Texte, Corporate Semantic Web – Wie semantische Anwendungen in Unternehmen Nutzen stiften , 2015, Springer / Vieweg, in [EgHu2015]
BeSc2018 Hermann Bense, Ulrich Schade, Generating Natural Language Texts , 2018, in [HoHu2018]
BeSc2023 Hermann Bense, Ulrich Schade, Michael Dembach, Generierung von Texten in natürlicher Sprache, Thomas Hoppe, Bernhard Humm, Anatol Reibold (Hrsg.): Wissensbasierte KI-Anwendungen: Methodik, Technologie, Betriebliche Nutzung. Springer Vieweg, Berlin und Heidelberg, Deutschland. , 2023, ISBN: 978-3-662-68001-8, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-68002-5, pp. 87-99
BeTh1996 Hermann Bense, Andreas Thiel, Automatisierte Migration von Großrechneranwendungen mit GUI-Middleware, OBJECTspektrum, 4/96 , 1996
BeTh2025 Hermann Bense, Bernhard Thalheim, Thomas Zeh, A Category System for Data Properties, in Kohei Arai (edt.), Proceedings of the 8th Future of Information and Communication Conference 2025, Berlin, Germany, Springer Nature, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems , 2025, pp. 674-691, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-84457-7_42, last visit: 09.04.2026
Bens1980a Hermann Bense, Implementierung eines modularen Datenbanksystems auf einem Kleinrechner, Research Report Nr. 93, University of Dortmund, Department of Computer Science (Diploma Thesis) , 1980, University of Dortmund, pp. 238
Bens1980b Hermann Bense, Modularer Datenbank Entwurf für Kleinrechner , 1980, in [Wilh1980a], pp. 225-242
Bens1981a Hermann Bense, Datenbankkonzepte für die Anwendungsprogrammierung , 1981, in [Schl1981a], pp. 115-140
Bens1985b Hermann Bense, Erst DBMS-Ehe bringt KI einen Schritt weiter, Computerwoche, 13.12.1985 , 1985, pp. 26-27, https://www.computerwoche.de/a/erst-dbms-ehe-bringt-ki-einen-schritt-weiter, last visit: 09.04.2026
Bens1985c Hermann Bense, Das integrierte System macht aus Stückwerk ein Ganzes - Eine Architektur für benutzerfreundliche Informationssysteme, Computerwoche Nr. 39, 27.09.1985 , 1985, pp. 40-45, https://www.computerwoche.de/a/das-integrierte-system-macht-aus-stueckwerk-ein-ganzes, last visit: 09.04.2026
Bens1994a Hermann Bense, Programmierung in der Zukunft: Sprachkonvergenz und Konzepte, Computerwoche , 1994, https://www.computerwoche.de/a/programmierung-in-der-zukunft-sprachkonvergenz-und-konzepte, last visit: 09.04.2026
Bens1997a Hermann Bense, Das integrierte System macht aus Stückwerk ein Ganzes - Eine Architektur für benutzerfreundliche Informationssysteme, Computerwoche , 1997, https://www.computerwoche.de/a/standardsoftware-auf-der-basis-von-referenzmodellen-erstellen, last visit: 09.04.2026
Bens1997b Hermann Bense, Migration zu objektorientierten Datenbanksystemen, Industrie Management 13, GITO-Verlag , 1997, pp. 17-20
Bens1997e Hermann Bense, Die Anwendung der NEXUS*-Methode auf den objektorientierten Software-Entwicklungsprozeß , 1997
Bens1999a Hermann Bense, Helge Hess, Andreas Konz, Modellgestützte Generierung und Steuerung betriebswirtschaftlicher Applikationen, Information Management & Consulting 14 (1999) 2 , 1999, pp. 68 - 77
Bens2002a Hermann Bense, Vorrichtung, Verfahren und Struktur zum Ablegen und Auffinden von Informationen auf einer Datenverarbeitungsanlage: Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung, ein Verfahren und ein Meta-Metamodell zur Abbildung von in Objekten gespeicherten Informationen auf eine Datenverarbeitungsanlage. In einem ersten Schritt wird aus einem vorgegebenen Metamodell ein neues Metamodell generiert, das die Klassen des vorgegebenen Metamodells in ihre Attribute zerlegt, so dass die ursprünglichen Klassen vorzugsweise nur noch aus ihrer Objekt-Identität als Id-Klasse besteht, und die Bearbeitungseinheit die Attribute, die keine Basis-Klassen sind, solange zerlegt, bis nur noch Basis-Klassen übrig bleiben, wobei die Aggregations- und/oder Assoziations-Beziehungen durch Assoziations-Klassen abgebildet werden. In einem zweiten Schritt werden alle Operationen auf diesem neuen Metamodell durchführt, wobei die Klassen instanziiert werden. , 2002, http://www.patent-de.com/20020725/DE10101532A1.html, last visit: 09.04.2026
Bens2014 Hermann Bense, The Unique Predication of Knowledge Elements and their Visualization and Factorization in Ontology Engineering, Kutz O, Garbacz P (eds.), Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference (FOIS 2014), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 22-25 , 2014, IOS Press, Amsterdam, DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-438-1-251, pp. 241-250, https://ebooks.iospress.nl/publication/37972, last visit: 09.04.2026
Bens2017 Hermann Bense, Using Very Large Scale Ontologies for Natural Language Generation (NLG), Stefano Borgo, Oliver Kutz, Frank Loebe, Fabian Neuhaus (eds.), Jowo 2017 - The Joint Ontology Workshops; Episode 3: The Tyrolean Autumn of Ontology, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy, Sept. 21-23 , 2017, http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2050/DAO_paper_1.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
Bens2021a Hermann Bense, An Universal Formal Ontology of Semantic Atoms and Semantic Compound Concepts, Concepts in Action: Representation, Learning, and Application; CARLA 2021 Workshop, Osnabrück/Bozen , 2021
Bens2021b Hermann Bense, Finden ohne Suchen: Automatische Benachrichtigungen über relevante wissenschaftliche Publikationen mit regelbasierter KI, Information, Wissenschaft & Praxis 2021; 72(5-6), de Gruyter , 2021, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/iwp-2021-2173, pp. 1-6
Bens2021c Hermann Bense, Methods and Guidelines for the Creation of Multi-Level Modelling Ontologies, KONT-2021 Knowledge-Ontology-Theory, 8th International Conference, http://math.nsc.ru/conference/zont/21/eng.htm , 2021, https://ontology4.us/download/presentations/210803_MLM_Multi_Level_Modeling_Guidelines.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
Bens2021d Hermann Bense, A Formal Ontology Of Concepts for Deep Semantic Searching, KONT-2021 Knowledge-Ontology-Theory, 8th International Conference, http://math.nsc.ru/conference/zont/21/eng.htm , 2021, https://ontology4.us/download/presentations/210818_FOOC_A_Formal_Ontology_of_Concepts.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
Bens2023a Hermann J. Bense, Streamlining Conceptual Modeling, Kohei Arai (edt.), Proceedings of the 2023 Intelligent Systems Conference (IntelliSys), Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Springer Nature, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 822 , 2023, ISBN: 978-3-031-47721-8, pp. 326-344, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-47721-8_22, last visit: 09.04.2026
Bens2023b Hermann Bense, Modeling Ontology Design Patterns with Cascaded Role Sets, The 9th Joint Ontology Workshop (JOWO 2023), Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada , 2023, https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3637/paper1.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
Bens2024a Hermann Bense, How to Build a Controlled Vocabulary of Concepts for Deep Semantic Search, Kohei Arai (edt.), Proceedings of the 2024 Intelligent Systems Conference (IntelliSys), Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Springer Nature, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems , 2024, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-66428-1_9, pp. 143-160, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-66428-1_9, last visit: 09.04.2026
Bens2025a Hermann Bense, Towards a General Ontology Theory, in Kohei Arai (edt.), Proceedings of the 8th Future of Information and Communication Conference 2025, Berlin, Germany, Springer Nature, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems , 2025, pp. 157-174, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-85363-0_10, last visit: 09.04.2026
Bent1983a J. F. A. K. Van Benthem, The Logic of Time. A Model-Theoretic Investigation into the Varieties of Temporal Ontology and Temporal Discourse , 1983, Reidel, Dordrecht
BlSa2009 Eva Blomqvist, Kurt Sandkuhl, Francois Scharffe, Vojtech Svatek (eds.), Workshop on Ontology Patterns, Proceedings WOP 2009, Washington D.C. , 2009, http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-516/WOP2009_Proceedings.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
Bliss1949 Charles K. Bliss, Semantography, a non-alphabetical symbol writing, readable in all languages, Sydney: Institute for Semantography. OCoLC: 26684585 , 1949
Bliss1965 Charles K. Bliss, Semantography (Blissymbolics). A simple system of 100 logical pictorial symbols., Sydney: Semantography (Blissymbolics) Publications. OCoLC: 1014476. , 1965
BoFe2021 Sonja Bosch, Christiane Fellbaum, Marissa Griesel, Alexandre Rademaker, Piek Vossen (eds.), Proceedings of the 11th GlobalWordnet Conference , 2021, ISBN: 978-9-464027-31-0, https://aclanthology.org/volumes/2021.gwc-1/, last visit: 09.04.2026
BoHa2008 Jürgen Bock, Peter Haase, Qiu Ji, Raphael Volz, Benchmarking OWL reasoners, Workshop on Advancing Reasoning on the Web: Scalability and Commonsense (ARea 2008) , 2008, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/200758993_Benchmarking_OWL_reasoners, last visit: 09.04.2026
BoKu2017 Stefano Borgo, Oliver Kutz, Frank Loebe, Fabian Neuhaus (eds.), Jowo 2017 - The Joint Ontology Workshops, Episode 3: The Tyrolean Autumn of Ontology, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy, Sept. 21-23 , 2017, http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2050/, last visit: 09.04.2026
BoRu1999a Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson, The Unified Modeling Language User Guide, Object Technology Series , 1999, Addison Wesley, Reading (Massachusetts)
BoVo2016 Francis Bond, Piek Vossen, John McCrae, Christiane Fellbaum, CILI: the Collaborative Interlingual Index, Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC) , 2016, pp. 50-57, https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.9.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
Bode2006a Olivier Bodenreider (eds.), KR-MED 2006 Proceedings. Second International Workshop on Formal Biomedical Knowledge Representation (= CEUR Workshop-Proceedings 222) , 2006, http://CEUR-WS.org/Vol-222/, last visit: 09.04.2026
BrAl2016b Freddy Brasileiro, Joao Paulo A. Almeida, Victorio A. Carvalho, Giancarlo Guizzardi, Applying a Multi-Level Modeling Theory to Assess Taxonomic Hierarchies in Wikidata, Wiki Workshop at 25th Int. Conference Companion World Wide Web , 2016, pp. 975-980
BuHu2015 Johannes Busse, Bernhard Humm, Christoph Lübbert, Frank Moelter,Anatol Reibold, Matthias Rewald, Veronika Schlüter, Bernhard Seiler,Erwin Tegtmeier, Thomas Zeh, Actually, What Does “Ontology” Mean?, Journal of Computing and Information Technology - CIT 23 , 2015, pp. 29-41, https://www.academia.edu/52694442/Actually_What_Does_Ontology_Mean, last visit: 09.04.2026
BuRi1996a Johannes Franciscus Maria (Hans) Burg, Reind Pieter van de Riet, Analyzing Informal Requirements Specifications: A First Step towards Conceptual Modeling, Proc. 2nd International Workshop on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems , 1996
Burm2000 Peter Burmeister, ConImp - Ein Programm zur Formalen Begriffsanalyse, in [StWi2000], pp. 25-56
CPF Wikipedia, CPF: Cantorsche Paarungsfunktion, https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantorsche_Paarungsfunktion, last visit: 09.04.2026
CaAl2011 Victorio A. Carvalho, Joao Paulo A. Almeida, Giancarlo Guizzardi, Using a Well-Founded Multi-Level Theory to Support the Analysis and Representation of the Powertype Pattern in Conceptual Modeling , 2011, http://www.inf.ufes.br/~gguizzardi/caise2016.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
CaAl2016 Victorio A. Carvalho, Joao Paulo A. Almeida, Toward a Well-Founded Theory for Multi-Level Conceptual Modeling , 2016, https://nemo.inf.ufes.br/wp-content/papercite-data/pdf/toward_a_well_founded_theory_for_multi_level_conceptual_modeling_2016.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
CaBi2005 Jeremy J. Carroll, Christian Bizer, Pat Hayes, Patrick Stickler, Named Graphs, Provenance and Trust, http://wifo5-03.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/bizer/SWTSGuide/carroll-ISWC2004.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
Cant1874 Georg Cantor, Über eine Eigenschaft des Inbegriffes aller reelen Zahlen, Journal Reine Angewandte Mathematik 77 , 1874, pp. 258-262
Cant1895 Georg Cantor, Beiträge zur Begründung der transfiniten Mengenlehre, Mathematische Annalen, 46 , 1895
Carn1947 Rudolph Carnap, Meaning and Necessity - A Study in Semanctics and Modal Logic, The University of Chicago Press , 1947
Ceur2009 Eva Blomqvist, Kurt Sandkuhl, Francois Scharffe, Vojtech Svatek (eds.), Proceedings of the Workshop on Ontology Pattern (WOP 2009), Washington D.C., USA, 25 October, 2009. , 2009
Chen1976 Peter Pin-Shan Chen, The Entity-Relationship Model - Toward a Unified View of Data, ACM Transactions on Database Systems, Vol.1, No.1, March 1976 , 1976, pp. 9-36, http://csc.lsu.edu/news/erd.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
Chis1996a Roderick Milton Chisholm, A Realistic Theory of Categories: An Essay on Ontology , 1996, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
ClFr2018 Tony Clark, Ulrich Frank, Multi-Level Constraints, Hebig, Regina; Berger, Thorsten (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Multi-Level Modeling (MULTI) 2018 , 2018, pp. 103-117, https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2245/ocl_paper_2.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
Codd1970 Edgar F. Codd, A relational model for large shared data banks., ACM, 13(6), June 1970, pp. 377-387
Codd1972a Edgar Codd, Relational completeness of Data Base Sublanguages, Courant Computer Science Symposia Series, Vol. 6, Data Base Systems , 1972, Prentice Hall, N.J.
DaPi2002 Mohamed Dahchour, Alain Pirotte, Esteban Zimányi, Materialization and its Metaclass Implementation, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 14(5) , 2002, DOI: 10.1109/TKDE.2002.1033775, pp. 1078-1094, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3297079_Materialization_and_its_metaclass_implementation, last visit: 09.04.2026
Dahl1982 Ingetraut Dahlberg, ICIB 1 - International Classification and Indexing Bibliography, Classification Systems and Thesauri, 1950 - 1982, INDEKS Verlag, Frankfurt, Germany , 1982
Dahl2012 Ingetraut Dahlberg, Brief Communication: A Systematic New Lexicon of All Knowledge Fields based on the Information Coding Classification, Knowledge Organization, Vol. 39, No.2, Ergon Verlag, Würzburg, Germany , 2012, pp. 142-150
Dau2005 Frithjof Dau, Mathematical Logic with Diagrams Based on the Existential Graphs of Peirce
Diet2006 Jan L. G. Dietz, Enterprise Ontology - Theory and Methodology, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg , 2006, ISBN: 978-3-540-33149-0
DuBo2014 Astrid Duque-Ramos, Martin Boeker, Ludger Jansen, Stefan Schulz, Miguela Iniesta, Jesualdo Tomas Fernandez-Breis, Evaluating the Good Ontology Design Guideline (GoodOD) with the Ontology Quality Requirements and Evaluation Method and Metrics (OQuaRE) , 2014, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264990788_Evaluating_the_Good_Ontology_Design_Guideline_GoodOD_with_the_Ontology_Quality_Requirements_and_Evaluation_Method_and_Metrics_OQuaRE, last visit: 09.04.2026
DuCh2013 Bob DuCharme, Learning SPARQL - Querying and Updating with SPARQL 1.1, O`Reilly Media , 2013, ISBN: 978-1-449-37143-2
EgHu2015 Börteçin Ege, Bernhard Humm, Anatol Reibold (eds.), Corporate Semantic Web – Wie semantische Anwendungen in Unternehmen Nutzen stiften , 2015, Springer / Vieweg
FeMa2018 Roberta Ferrario, Claudio Masolo, Daniele Porello, Organisations and Variable Embodiments, FOIS 2018, 10th International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems, 17th-21th September , 2018, https://www.academia.edu/37399751/Organisations_and_Variable_Embodiments, last visit: 09.04.2026
Fine1999 Kit Fine, Things and their parts, Midwest Studies in Philosophy, 23(1) , 1999, pp. 97-105
Flor2003a Luciano Floridi (eds.), Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Computing and Information , 2003, Blackwell, Oxford
FoAl2021 Claudenir M. Fonseca, João Paulo A. Almeida, Giancarlo Guizzardi, Victorio A. Carvalho, Multi-level conceptual modeling: Theory, language and application, Data & Knowledge Engineering 134(1):101894 , 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.datak.2021.101894, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351567433_Multi-level_conceptual_modeling_Theory_language_and_application, last visit: 09.04.2026
Fowl1996 Martin Fowler, Analysis Patterns: Reusable Object Models, Addison Wesley, Reading (Massachusetts) , 1996, ISBN: 978-0-201-89542-1
FrCl2022 Ulrich Frank, Tony Clark, Multi-Level Design of Process-Oriented Enterprise Information Systems, Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) (2022) Nr. 17, DOI: 10.18417/emisa.17.10, pp. 1-50, https://emisa-journal.org/emisa/article/view/297, last visit: 09.04.2026
FrHa2002a Ulrich Frank, Ruth Hagengruber (eds.), Eco - Economic Ontology. Part 1, Towards a Basal Enterprise Ontology, Eco-Reports., Arbeitsberichte des Fachbereichs Wirtschaftsinformatik, Forschungsgruppe Unternehmensmodellierung, Bereich Wissenschaftstheorie. Koblenz: Universität Koblenz-Landau
FrKu1995a Andrew U. Frank, Werner Kuhn (eds.), Spatial Information Theory. A Theoretical Basis for GIS (= Lecture Notes in Computer Science 988) , 1995, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York
FrLo2007 Frank Loebe, Abstract vs. social roles - Towards a general account of roles, Applied Ontology 2 (2007) IOS Press , 2007, pp. 127-158
FrMa1999a Christian Freska, David M. Mark (eds.), Spatial Information Theory. Cognitive and Computational Foundations of Geographic Information Science (= Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1661) , 1999, Springer, Berlin
Fran2014 Ulrich Frank, Toward a New Paradigm of Conceptual Modeling and Information Systems Design, Business & Information Systems Engineering 6(6) , 2014, pp. 319-337, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275152525_Multilevel_Modeling_Toward_a_New_Paradigm_of_Conceptual_Modeling_and_Information_Systems_Design, last visit: 09.04.2026
Fran2022 Ulrich Frank, Multi-level modeling: cornerstones of a rationale, Software and Systems Modeling 21 , 2022, pp. 451–480, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-021-00955-1, last visit: 09.04.2026
Freg1879 Gottlob Frege, Concept-Script: A Formal Language for Pure Thought Modeled on that of Arithmetic, Verlag von Louis Nebert , 1879
Freg1884a Gottlob Frege, Grundlage der Arithmetik , 1884, Koebner, Breslau
Freg1892a Gottlob Frege, Begriff und Gegenstand, Vierteljahresschrift für wissenschaftliche Philosophie 16 , 1892, pp. 192-205
GaCo2010 Fabien Gandon, Olivier Corby, Name That Graph , 2010, http://www-sop.inria.fr/members/Fabien.Gandon/docs/NameThatGraph/NameThatGraph_GandonCorby.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
GaGu2002 Aldo Gangemi, Nicola Guarino, Claudio Masolo, Alessandro Oltramari, Luc Schneider, Sweetening Ontologies with DOLCE , 2002, DOI: 10.1007/3-540-45810-7_18, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221630979_Sweetening_ontologies_with_DOLCE, last visit: 09.04.2026
GaHe1995 Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vlissides, Design Patterns. Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software, Addison-Wesley , 1995, ISBN: 0-201-63361-2
GaKu2014 Pawel Garbacz, Oliver Kutz (eds.), Formal Ontology in Information Systems, Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference (FOIS 2014), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 22-25, 2014 , 2014, IOS Press, Amsterdam, ISBN: 978-1-61499-437-4
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Gand2002 Fabien Gandon, Ontology Engineering: a Survey and a Return onExperience , 2002, https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00072192/document, last visit: 09.04.2026
Gant2000 Bernhard Ganter, Begriffe und Implikationen, In: Gerd Stumme, Rudolf Wille (edt.), Begriffliche Wissensverarbeitung: Methoden und Anwendungen, Springer , 2000, ISBN: 3-540-66391-6, pp. 1-24
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GoWi2015b Cliff Goddard, Anna Wierzbicka, What is minimal English (and how to use it), Symposium: Towards better intercultural communication, Australian National University, Canberra, 2-3 July 2015 , 2015, http://hrc.cass.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/hrc/u78/Global_English_Minimal_English position papers.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
GrSm2004a Pierre Grenon, Barry Smith, SNAP and SPAN: Towards Dynamic Spatial Ontology, Spatial Cognition and Computation 4 , 2004, pp. 69-103
GuAl2015 Giancarlo Guizzardi, Joao Paulo A. Almeida, Nicola Guarino, Victorio A. Carvalho, Towards an Ontological Analysis of Powertypes, International Workshop on Formal Ontologies for Artificial Intelligence (FOFAI) , 2015, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279178175_Towards_an_Ontological_Analysis_of_Powertypes, last visit: 09.04.2026
GuAl2020 Giancarlo Guizzardi, Joao Paulo A. Almeida, Demystifying Ontology und Stability Patterns in Ontology-Driven Conceptual Modeling , 2020, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344525031_Stability_Patterns_in_Ontology-Driven_Conceptual_Modeling, last visit: 09.04.2026
GuBe2021 Giancarlo Guizzardi, Alessander Botti Benevides, Claudenir M. Fonseca, Daniele Porello, João Paulo A. Almeida, Tiago Prince Sales, UFO: Unified Foundational Ontology, Applied Ontology 1-3 , 2021, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355735118_UFO_Unified_Foundational_Ontology, last visit: 09.04.2026
GuFi2019 Giancarlo Guizzardi, Guylerme Figueiredo, Maria M. Hedblom Geert Poels, Ontology-Based Model Abstraction, IEEE Thirteen International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science, Brussels , 2019, DOI: 10.1109/RCIS.2019.8876971, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332290797_Ontology-Based_Model_Abstraction, last visit: 09.04.2026
GuGu2019 Nicola GUARINO, Giancarlo GUIZZARDI, John MYLOPOULOS, On the Philosophical Foundations of Conceptual Models, Conference: 29th International Conference on Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases (EJC 2019) , 2019, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335210064_On_the_Philosophical_Foundations_of_Conceptual_Models, last visit: 09.04.2026
GuGu2024 Nicola Guarino, Giancarlo Guizzardi, Processes as variable embodiments, Synthese 203:104 , 2024, DOI: 10.1007/s11229-024-04505-2
GuWe2000b Nicola Guarino, Chris Welty, Rose Dieng, Olivier Corby (eds.), A Formal Ontology of Properties, Proceedings of EKAW-2000: The 12th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowlege Management , 2000, Springer Verlag LNCS Vol. 1937, pp. 97-112
GuWe2000c Nicola Guarino, Chris Welty, Veda Storey, Alberto Laender (eds.), Ontological Analysis fo Taxonomic Relationships, Proceedings of ER-2000: The 19th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling , 2000, Springer Verlag LNCS Vol. 1920, in [Proc ER2000], pp. 210-224
GuWe2004a Nicola Guarino, Christopher A. Welty, An Overview of OntoClean, In Steffen Staab and Rudi Studer, eds., The Handbook on Ontologies. Berlin:Springer-Verlag , 2004, pp. 151-172
Guar1998 Nicola Guarino, Some Ontological Principles for Designing Upper Level Lexical Resources, First Int. Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May , 1998
Guar1998a Nicola Guarino, Formal Ontology in Information Systems , 1998, IOS Press, Amsterdam, in [Proc FOIS98], pp. 3-15
Guiz2005 Giancarlo Guizzardi, Ontological Foundations for Structural Conceptual Models, CTIT PhD Thesis Series, No. 05-74, Telematica Instituut, Enschede, The Netherlands , 2005, http://www.inf.ufes.br/~gguizzardi/OFSCM.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
HaHa2021 Amir Ahmad Habibi, Bradley Hauer, Grzegorz Kondrak, Homonymy and Polysemy Detection with Multilingual Information , 2021, in [BoFe2021], pp. 26-35, https://aclanthology.org/2021.gwc-1.4/, last visit: 09.04.2026
HaLi2008a Frank van Harmelen, Vladimir Lifschitz, Bruce Porter (eds.), Handbook of Knowledge Representation, Elsevier , 2008, ISBN: 9780444522115
HaTh2019 Olaf Hartig, Bryan Thompson, Foundations of an Alternative Approach to Reification in RDF, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1406.3399.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
Hage2004b Ontologische Strukturen. Gegenwärtige Tendenzen und ihre Anwendung in der Wirtschaftsinformatik , 2004, Ulrich Frank, pp. 417-431
Hage2005b Ruth Hagengruber, Mapping the Multitude. Categories in a Process Ontology, Professional Knowledge Management Experiences and Visions. 3rd Conference WM 2005. Berlin , 2005, Klaus-Dieter Althoff, Andreas Dengel, Ralph Bergmann, Markus Nick, Thomas Roth-Berghofer, in [AlDe2005a], http://kw.uni-paderborn.de/fileadmin/kw/institute/Philosophie/Personal/Hagengruber/PublikationenDateien/29-44/HagengruberMappingProcess_Springer.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
Hage2007a Ruth Hagengruber, Dynamic Ontology and Cooperative Semantics. The Combination of Conceptual and Graphical Knowledge Representation: Its Possibilities and Limits, HNI Annual Report 91 , 2007, http://kw.uni-paderborn.de/fileadmin/kw/institute/Philosophie/Personal/Hagengruber/PublikationenDateien/29-44/HNI_Dynamic_Ontology_and_Cooperative_Semantics_2007.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
HeGo2005 Brian Henderson-Sellers, Cesar Gonzalez-Perez, Connecting Powertypes and Stereotypes, Journal of Object Technology, Vol. 4, No. 7 , 2005, pp. 83-96, https://www.jot.fm/issues/issue_2005_09/article3/, last visit: 09.04.2026
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HeMa2004 Alan R. Hevner, Salvatore T. March, Jinsoo Park, Sudha Ram, Design Science in Information Systems Research, MIS Quarterly Vol. 28 No. 1 , 2004, pp. 75-105, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/201168946_Design_Science_in_Information_Systems_Research, last visit: 09.04.2026
Heid1927 Martin Heidegger, Sein und Zeit, Max Niemeyer Verlag , 1927
HoHu2018 Thomas Hoppe, Bernhard Humm, Anatol Reibold (eds.), Semantic Applications - Methodology, Technology, Corporate Use, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Berlin , 2018, ISBN: 978-3-662-55432-6
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Hopp2015c Thomas Hoppe, Umbenennungen im Unternehmensalltag, Corporate Semantic Web – Wie semantische Anwendungen in Unternehmen Nutzen stiften , 2015, Springer / Vieweg, in [EgHu2015]
Hopp2020 Thomas Hoppe, Bernhard Humm, Semantische Suche, Springer Vieweg , 2020, ISBN: 978-3-658-30427-0
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HuBe2021 Bernhard G. Humm, Hermann Bense, Michael Fuchs, Benjamin Gerhardt, Matthias Hemmje, Thomas Hoppe, Lukas Kaupp, Sebastian Lothary, Kai-Uwe Schäfer, Bernhard Thull, Tobias Vogel, Rigo Wennning, Machine intelligence today: applications, methodology, and technology, Infomatik Spektrum 44 , 2021, Springer Nature, pp. 104-114, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00287-021-01343-1, last visit: 09.04.2026
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JaMa2008 Krzysztof JANOWICZ, Patrick MAUÉ, Marc WILKES, Sven SCHADE, Franca SCHERER, Matthias BRAUN, Sören DUPKE, Werner KUHN, Similarity as a Quality Indicator in Ontology Engineering, Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference, FOIS 2008, Saarbrücken, Germany, October 31st - November 3rd, 2008 , 2008, DOI: 10.3233/978-1-58603-923-3-92, pp. 92-105, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221235023_Similarity_as_a_Quality_Indicator_in_Ontology_Engineering, last visit: 09.04.2026
JaSm2008a Ludger Jansen, Barry Smith, Biomedizinische Ontologie - Wissen strukturieren für den Informatik-Einsatz, vdf Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH Zürich, 2008 , 2008
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KaLo1996 Wilhelm Kamlah, Paul Lorenzen, Logische Propädeutik - Vorschule des vernünftigen Redens, Verlag J.B. Metzler Stuttgart, Weimar , 1996, ISBN: 978-3-476-01371-2, pp. 237
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KrFr1989a Hans-Günther Kruse, Ulrich Frank (eds.), Praxis der Expertensysteme , 1989, Hanser Verlag, München
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Loth2023 Sebastian Lothary, Skill Management Ontology , 2023
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LuWi1921 Ludwig Wittgenstein, Tractatus logico-philosophicus, Logisch-philosophische Abhandlung, edition suhrkamp 12, Erste Auflage 1963, (c) Basil Blackwell Oxford, 1959
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MOF OMG, MOF: Meta Object Facility (MOF) Core Specification, https://www.omg.org/spec/MOF/2.0/PDF/, last visit: 09.04.2026
MaBo2002 Claudio Masolo, Stefano Borgo, Aldo Gangemi, Nicola Guarino, Alessandro Otramari, Luc Schneider, Wonderweb Deliverable D17. The WonderWeb Library of Foundational Ontologies and the DOLCE ontology, ISTC-CNR c/o ISIB-CNR , 2002
MaBo2003 Claudio Masolo, Stefano Borgo, Aldo Gangemi, Nicola Guarino, Alessandro Otramari, Wonderweb Deliverable D18. Ontology Library (final), ISTC-CNR c/o ISIB-CNR , 2003
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MaMi2004a Frank Manola, Eric Miller (eds.), RDF Primer - W3C Recommendation 10 February 2004 , 2004, http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/, last visit: 09.04.2026
MaNi1978 D. Marr, H.K. Nishihara, Representation and recognition of the spatial organization of three-dimensional shapes, Proceedings of the Royal Society London, B200 , 1978, pp. 269-294
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Metaclass Wikipedia, Metaclass: In object-oriented programming, a metaclass is a class whose instances are classes., https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaclass, last visit: 09.04.2026
Mins1981a Marvin Minsky, A framework for representing knowledge, The Psychology of Computer Vision, McGraw-Hill, New York , 1981, in [Haug1981a], pp. 211-280
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NaBr2003 Daniele Nardi, Ronald J. Brachman, An Introduction to Description Logics , 2003, in [BaMc2003], pp. 1-44
NeSc2008 Bernd Neumayr, Michael Schrefl, Bernhard Thalheim, Modeling Techniques for Multi-Level Abstraction , 2008, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-17505-3_4, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221024521_Modeling_Techniques_for_Multi-level_Abstraction, last visit: 09.04.2026
NeSc2009 Bernd Neumayr, Katharina Grün, Michael Schrefl, Multi-Level Domain Modeling with M-Objects and M-Relationships, 6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Conceptual Modeling , 2009, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220268481_Multi-Level_Domain_Modeling_with_M-Objects_and_M-Relationships, last visit: 09.04.2026
NeSc2018 Bernd Neumayr, Christoph G. Schuetz, Manfred A. Jeusfeld, Michael Schrefl, Dual deep modeling: multi-level modeling with dual potencies and its formalization in F-Logic, Softw Syst Model (2018) 17, DOI: 10.1007/s10270-016-0519-z, pp. 233–268
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NiPe2001a Ian Niles, Adam Pease, Towards a standard upper ontology, Collected Papers from the Second International Conference onf Formal Ontology in Information Systems , 2001, in [SmWe2001a und WeSm2001a], pp. 2-9
NoMG2000 Natalya F. Noy, Deborah L. McGuinness, Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating YourFirst Ontology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305 , 2000, https://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ontology101.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
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PaCe2016 Chris Partridge, Sergio de Cesare, Andrew Mitchell, James Odell, Formalization of the classification pattern: survey of classification modeling in information systems engineering, Softw Syst Model 17 , 2016, DOI: 10.1007/s10270-016-0521-5, pp. 167-203, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10270-016-0521-5, last visit: 09.04.2026
PaHo2001 Jeff Z. Pan, Ian Horrocks, Metamodeling Architecture of Web Ontology Languages, Proc. of the 2001 International Semantic Web Working Symposium , 2001, pp. 131-149
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PaMa2017 Bijan Parsia, Nicolas Matentzoglu, Rafael S. Gonçalves, Birte Glimm, Andreas Steigmiller, The OWL Reasoner Evaluation (ORE) 2015 Competition Report, Journal Autom Reasoning (2017) Vol. 59 , 2017, DOI: 10.1007/s10817-017-9406-8, pp. 455-482, https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10817-017-9406-8.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
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Peir1898a Charles Sanders Peirce, Kenneth Laine Ketner, Reasoning and the Logic of Things, The Cambridge Conferences Lectures of 1898, Harvard University Press, 1992, ISBN: 0674749669, 9780674749665, pp. 297
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Petk1998a Boris Petkoff, Wissensmanagement, Konstruktiv-kritische Diskussion der bestehenden Ansätze, Innovativ Methode zum Continuous Engineering, Anwendungsfall SAP R/3 , 1998, Addison-Wesley Longman, Bonn
PiMa2004 Alain Pirotte, David Massart, Two Descriptions of Taxonomies with Materialization, Journal of Object Technology, vol. 3, no. 5 , 2004, pp. 143-149, https://www.jot.fm/issues/issue_2004_05/article4/, last visit: 09.04.2026
PiZi1994 Alain Pirotte, Esteban Zimanyi, David Assart, Tatiana Yakusheva, Materialization: a powerful and ubiquitous abstraction pattern, VLDB, Morgan Kaufmann , 1994, pp. 630-641
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Pris1998 Uta Priss, The Formalization of WordNet by Methods of Relational Concept Analysis, WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database and Some of its Applications, MIT press , 1998, pp. 179-196, https://www.upriss.org.uk/papers/mitpaper.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
Proc08a Donia Scott, Hans Uszkoreit (eds.), Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Manchester, UK, 2008
RDF-Primer RDF-Primer: This Primer is designed to provide the reader with the basic knowledge required to effectively use RDF., http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/, last visit: 09.04.2026
RDF-Vocabulary RDF-Vocabulary: The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a general-purpose language for representing information in the Web., https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/, last visit: 09.04.2026
RaCr2015 Joe Raad, Christophe Cruz, A Survey on Ontology Evaluation Methods, Proceedings of the Interna-tional Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development, part of the 7th InternationalJoint Conference on Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management , 2015
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Rosc1975 Eleanor Rosch, Cognitive representations of semantic categories, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 104 , 1975, pp. 192-233, https://www.academia.edu/24474401/Cognitive_representations_of_semantic_categories, last visit: 09.04.2026
Rosc1978 Eleanor Rosch, Prototype Classification and Logical Classifications: The Two System, New Trends in Cognitive Representation: Challenges to Piaget´s Theory, ed. by E.Scholnik, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hilsdale , 1978, pp. 73-86
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SPARQL SPARQL: SPARQL Query Language for RDF, https://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115/, last visit: 09.04.2026
ScBe2015 Ulrich Schade, Hermann Bense, Michael Dembach, Lukas Sikorski, Semantische Suche im Bereich der Energieforschungsförderung, Corporate Semantic Web – Wie semantische Anwendungen in Unternehmen Nutzen stiften, Börteçin Ege, Bernhard Humm, Anatol Reibold (eds.), Springer / Vieweg , 2015, Springer / Vieweg
ScHw2018 Nathan Schneider, Jena D. Hwang, Vivek Srikumar, Jakob Prange, Austin Blodgett, Sarah R. Moeller, Aviram Stern, Adi Bitan, Omri Abend, Comprehensive supersense disambiguation of English prepositions and possessives, ACL , 2018, http://people.cs.georgetown.edu/nschneid/p/pssdisambig.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
ScSe2012 S. Schulz, D. Seddig-Raufie, N. Grews, J. Röhl, D. Schober, M. Boeker, L. Jansen, Guideline on Developing Good Ontologies in the Biomedical Domain with Description Logics, Version 1.0 , 2012, https://www.uni-rostock.de/storages/uni-rostock/Alle_PHF/IPH/media/GoodOD/GoodOD-Guideline_v1_2012.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
Schl1981a Christoph Schlier (eds.), Personal Computing, Tagung II/1981 des German Chapter of the ACM in Freiburg i. Br. , 1981, ISBN: 3-519-02427-6
SeSt2017 Matt Selway, Markus Stumptner, Wolfgang Mayer, Andreas Jordan, Andreas Grossmann, Michael Schrefl, A Conceptual Framework for Large-scale Ecosystem Interoperability and Industrial Product Lifecycles, Data & Knowledge Engineering 109 , 2017, DOI: 10.1016/j.datak.2017.03.006, pp. 85-111, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0169023X1730109X?via%3Dihub, last visit: 09.04.2026
Semantic Web Metaclass Wikipedia, Metaclass (Semantic Web): In the Semantic Web, a metaclass is a class whose instances are classes., https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaclass_(Semantic_Web), last visit: 09.04.2026
SiHa2011a Lukas Sikorski, Bastian Haarmann, Ravi Coote, Ontology-driven Information Extraction., Proceedings of the NATO RTO IST-097 , 2011
Simo1987a Peter Simons, Parts. A Study in Ontology , 1987, Clarendon Press, Oxford
SkSl2022 Martin G. Skjæveland, Laura Slaughter, Christian Kindermann, Report on Landscape Analysis of Ontology Engineering Tools , 2022, https://zenodo.org/record/6504670#.Ywy0LrTP0qk, last visit: 09.04.2026
SmKu2006a Barry Smith, Waclaw Kusnierczyk, Daniel Schober, Werner Ceusters, Towards a Reference Terminology for Ontology Research and Development in the Biomedical Domain , 2006, in [Bode2006a], pp. 57-66
SmSm1977a John Miles Smith, Diane C.P. Smith, Database Abstractions: Aggregation and Generalization, ACM Transactions on Database Systems, Vol. 2, No. 2, June 1977 , 1977, pp. 105-133
SmWe2001a Christopher Welty, Barry Smith (eds.), Formal Ontology in Information Systems, Collected Papers from the Second International Conference , 2001
Smit1995a Barry Smith, On Drawing Lines on a Map , 1995, in [FrKu1995a], pp. 475-484
Smit1998 Barry Smith, The Basic tools of formal Ontology, in [Guar1998a], pp. 19-28
Smit1999a Barry Smith, Agglomerations, in [FrMa1999a], pp. 267-282
Smit2001a Barry Smith, True Grid, Lecture Notes in Computer Science , 2001, pp. 131-148
Smit2001b Barry Smith, Fiat objects, Topoi 20 , 2001, pp. 131-148
Smit2003a Barry Smith, Ontology , 2003, in [Flor2003a], pp. 155-166
Smit2004a Barry Smith, Beyond Concepts, or: Ontology as Reality Representation , 2004, in [VaVi2004a], pp. 73-84
Smit2004b Barry Smith, Carving up reality , 2004, in [GoSa2004a], pp. 225-237
Smit2005a Barry Smith, Against Fantology , 2005, in [MaRe2005a], pp. 153-170
Smit2006a Barry Smith, Against Idiosyncrasy in Ontology Development , 2006, in [BeFe2006a]
Sowa1976a John Florian Sowa, Conceptual graphs for a database interface, IBM Journal of Research and Development 20:4 , 1976, pp. 336-357
Sowa1984a John Florian Sowa, Conceptual Structures: Information Processing in Mind and Machine , 1984, Addison Wesley, Reading (Massachusetts)
Sowa1987a John Florian Sowa, Semantic Networks , 1987, http://jfsowa.com/pubs/semnet.htm, last visit: 09.04.2026
Sowa2006b John F. Sowa, The Challenge of Knowledge Soup, Research Trends in Science, Technology and Mathematics Education , 2006, http://www.jfsowa.com/pubs/challenge.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
Sowa2008a John F. Sowa, Conceptual Graphs, Frank van Harmelen, Vladimir Lifschitz, Bruce Porter (eds.), Handbook of Knowledge Representation, ISBN 9780444522115, Elsevier , 2008, pp. 213-237
Sowa2011a John F. Sowa, Peirce’s tutorial on existential graphs, Semiotica 186:1-4, Special issue on diagrammatic reasoning and Peircean logic representations und Semiotica , 2011, pp. 345-394
Sowa2012a John F. Sowa, Thematic Roles , 2012, http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/thematic.htm, last visit: 09.04.2026
Sowa2012b Florian F. Sowa, Knowledge Design Patterns, Combining logic, ontology, and computation , 2016, http://www.jfsowa.com/talks/kdptut.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
Sowa2015a John F. Sowa, Crystallizing Theories out of Knowledge Soup, http://www.jfsowa.com/pubs/crystal.htm, last visit: 09.04.2026
Sowa2017a John F. Sowa, Existential Graphs - MS 514 by Charles Sanders Peirce, with commentary by John F. Sowa, http://www.jfsowa.com/peirce/ms514.htm, last visit: 09.04.2026
Sowa2018a John F. Sowa, Reasoning with diagrams and images, Journal of Applied Logics 5:5 , 2018, pp. 987-1059
StEr2001 Steffen Staab, Michael Erdmann, Alexander Maedche, Engineering Ontologies using Semantic Patterns , 2001, in [PeGr2001], pp. 174-185
StMa2001 Gerd Stumme, Alexander Maedche, Ontology Merging for Federated Ontologies on the Semantic Web, Proceedings of the International Workshop for Foundations of Models for Information Integration (FMII-2001), Viterbo, Italy , 2001
StWi2000 Gerd Stumme, Rudolf Wille (eds.), Begriffliche Wissensverarbeitung, Methoden und Anwendungen , 2000, Springer, ISBN: 3-540-66391-6
Stew1996a John Stewart, Theorem Proving Using Existential Graphs, MS Thesis, Computer and Information Science, University of California at Santa Cruz
SuKa2007 Fabian M. Suchanek, Gjergji Kasneci, Gerhard Weikum, Yago: A Large Ontology from Wikipedia and WordNet , 2007, https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_1819068/component/file_1840695/content, last visit: 09.04.2026
SvSv2009a Vojtech Svatek, Ondrej Svab-Zamazal, Valentina Presutti, Ontology Naming Pattern Sauce for (Human and Computer) Gourmets, WOP 2009 - Workshop on Ontology Patterns , 2009, in [Ceur2009], pp. 171-178
TrCi2007 Thanh Tran, Philipp Cimiano, Sebastian Rudolph, Rudi Studer, Ontology-Based Interpretation of Keywords for Semantic Search, in K. Aberer et al. (Eds.): ISWC » ASWC 2007, LNCS 4825 , 2007, pp. 523-536, https://www.academia.edu/1979208/Ontology_based_interpretation_of_keywords_for_semantic_search, last visit: 09.04.2026
UML OMG, UML: OMG Unified Modeling Language (OMG UML), Infrastructure, V2.1.2, Date: November 2007, https://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.1.2/Infrastructure/PDF/, last visit: 09.04.2026
UMO UMO: A minimal Upmost Meta Ontology, http://ontology4.us/english/Ontologies/Upper-Ontologies/UMO Ontology/, last visit: 09.04.2026
Urba2007a Joe Urban (eds.), Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Conference on Software Engineering & Knowledge Engineering (SEKE2007), Knowledge Systems Institute Graduate School 2007, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, July 9-11, 2007, ISBN: 1-891706-20-9
VaVi2004a Achille C. Varzi, Laure Vieu (eds.), Formal Ontology and Information Systems. Proceedings of the Third International Conference , 2004, IOS Press, Amsterdam
W3 RDF-Entailment Regimes W3 RDF-Entailment Regimes: Each particular set of semantic assumptions (semantic extension) defines an entailment regime (used here in the same sense as in the SPARQL 1.1, http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-mt/#semantic-extensions-and-entailment-regimes, last visit: 09.04.2026
W3 RDF-Reification W3 RDF-Reification: RDF Reification allows to describe RDF statements., http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/#reification, last visit: 09.04.2026
W3C-Punning W3C, W3C-Punning: The process of reinterpreting an object of some type as an object of some other type, https://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/wiki/Punning, last visit: 09.04.2026
WeLi2006 Timo Weithöner, Thorsten Liebig, Marko Luther, Sebastian Böhm, What ’ s Wrong with OWL Benchmarks? , 2006, https://www.uni-ulm.de/fileadmin/website_uni_ulm/iui.inst.090/Publikationen/2006/weithoener-et-al-ssws06.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
WhRu1910 Alfred North Whitehead, Bertrand Russell, Principia mathematica, Cambridge University Press , 1910, ISBN: 978-0-521-06791-1
Wilh1980a Reinhard Wilhelm (eds.), Proceedings GI - 10. Jahrestagung, Saarbrücken 30. September - 2. Oktober 1980 , 1980, Springer, ISBN: 3-540-10388-0
Will2008 Rudolf Wille, Logisch denken lernen im Mathematikunterricht, Fachbereich Mathematik, TU Darmstadt, Report Nr. 2530 , 2008
WordNet Search WordNet Search - 3.1: WordNet Search Engine, http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn, last visit: 09.04.2026
WrPo2012 Anna Wróblewska, Teresa Podsiadły-Marczykowska, Robert Bembenik, Grzegorz Protaziuk, Henryk Rybiński, Methods and Tools for Ontology Building, Learning and Integration – Application in the SYNAT Project, Intelligent Tools for Building a Scient. Info. Plat., SCI 390 , 2012, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-24809-2_9, pp. 121-151, https://www.academia.edu/1327998/Methods_and_Tools_for_Ontology_Building_Learning_and_Integration_Application_in_the_SYNAT_Project, last visit: 09.04.2026
XML Tim Bray, Jean Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, Eve Maler, François Yergeau (eds.), XML: Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fifth Edition), https://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-xml-20081126/, last visit: 09.04.2026
Zade1974 Lotfi A. Zadeh, Fuzzy logic and its application to approximate reasoning, Information Processing 74, North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 591-594
Zelg2015 Josef Zelger, GABEK-Netze als Tools zur Unterstützung von Entscheidungsprozessen in komplexen gesellschaftlichen Situationen, Corporate Semantic Web – Wie semantische Anwendungen in Unternehmen Nutzen stiften , 2015, Springer / Vieweg, in [EgHu2015]
dot Emden R. Gansner, Eleftherios Koutsofios, Stephen North, Drawing graphs with dot, http://www.graphviz.org/pdf/dotguide.pdf, last visit: 09.04.2026
rObby rObby: News-Alert-App and Chatbot for iOS and Android, https://rob.by/en/App/, last visit: 09.04.2026